Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 1
Pasado perfecto pag 1
Must have – can’t have pag 6
Too-enough pag 8
Condicional 3 pag 11
Reported speech pag 15
Passive voice pag 18
Past Perfect.
Este tiempo se forma con had y el participio pasado: I had worked, you had
worked, etc.
Muchas veces nos referimos a algo que sucedio en el pasado:
• I arrived at the station.
El pluscuamperfecto (past perfect) se usa para decir que algo ya habia sucedido
antes de este tiempo:
• When I arrived at the station the train had already gone.
He aqui algunos ejemplos mas:
• When she opened the door she saw that someone had been inside.
• When he went back to his home town he noticed many changes: The grocer
had sold his shop, his old neighbours had moved, and some of his friends
had died.
• He didn't want to go because he had already seen the film.
• He was nervous because he had never spoken in public before.
Fijate en la diferencia de significado en los ejemplos siguientes:
• He heard voices and realized that there were people in the lounge.
• He saw empty glasses and realized that some people had been in the room, Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 2
(ya no estaban alli)
Pluscuamperfecto con when.
Cuando usamos dos simple past tenses la primera accion conduce a la segunda:
• When I opened the door the cat came in.
Se usa el pluscuamperfecto despues de when cuando queremos indicar que la
primera accion estaba completa antes de que tuviera lugar la segunda:
• When he had shut the window he let the cat free.
• When he had seen all the pictures he said he was ready to go.
De la misma manera se puede usar con as soon as, the moment, immediately.
El pluscuamperfecto se puede usar con until/till, after y before.
• He refused to go till he had seen all the pictures.
• After he had seen all the pictures he left the room quietly.
The past perfect.
El pluscuamperfecto se construye con had + participio.
• I had worked.
• She had done.
• We had made.
• When I arrived he had just left.
• He had lost his umbrella and had to borrow one.
El pluscuamperfecto a menudo se usa con always/since/for etc. para una accion
que comenzo en el pasado y que todavia continue o que acaba de terminar.
• He had always been an honest man.
• He had been with the company since he was 18.
• The secretary had been with us for ten years.
RECUERDA Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 3
El pluscuamperfecto es muy comun en habla indirecta, con verbos como say,
told, ask, explain, wonder, etc. Se refiere a cosas que ya habfan sucedido
cuando la conversacion o los pensamientos tuvieron lugar.
• I said that I had already finished.
• I wondered who had sent the letter.
• She told the boss that she had done enough work for one day.
El pluscuamperfecto se puede usar con till/until.
• She refused to go until she had seen all the photographs.
• We didn't wait till we had finished our breakfast.
Con before y after se usa mucho el pluscuamperfecto.
• After the rescue party had arrived, there were tears.
• Before they had been there a week, they had spent all their money.
Con oraciones de tiempo, when etc.
• When he arrived to the place, they had already gone.
• When I got to the office, I found that somebody had broken in during the night.
El pluscuamperfecto progresivo se usa para hablar acerca de acciones o situaciones mas largas, las
cuales han estado en progreso hasta ese momento.
• When Peter arrived Linda had been waiting for half an hour.
• They had been working for hours when I got there.
• Mrs Brent had been cooking all morning and was tired.
1. Completa estas frases usando los verbos entre parentesis.
El viejo volvio a su pueblo y encontro cosas diferentes.
Example: His friend, the grocer had sold the shop.
1. Mr Smith was dead. He __________ (die)years ago.
2. The local Bingo was no longer open. They _____________(close) down. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 4
3. Little Bob was no longer a boy. He ____________________(grow) up.
4. Many of his friends were no longer there. They _______________(move) away.
5. He didn't recognise the High street. It __________________(change) quite a lot.
2. Completa estas frases como en el ejemplo.
Example: He was very nervous because he had never spoken in public before, (speak/public)
1. He was nervous because he_______________________ (drive/never/before).
2. She was not very good at tennis because she _____________________(play/never/before).
3. His secretary was very efficient. She____________________ (be/never/late/before).
4. The woman was a stranger to me. I _____________________(see/before/never).
3. Ahora haz frases usando las palabras entre parentesis.
Example: She wasn't in the office when I arrived. She had just left.
1. It was nice to see him again. I_______________________ for two years (see/he).
2. I wasn't thirsty. I _______________________(just/have/beer).
3. We arrived at the station late. The train _______________________(have/already/leave).
4. When I rang her up Bertha _________________________(go out/with/a boyfriend).
4. Ahora tienes que poner los verbos o bien en past simple o past perfect.
Example: Was your mother there? No, she had gone shopping.
Yes, but she went shopping soon afterwards.
1. The offi ce was empty. Everybody____________________ (go) home.
2. Anne was late because her car ___________________(break down).
3. Anne said: 'Sorry I'm late. My car ____________________(break down)'
4. I___________________ (meet) her in Paris last year. I _________________(see) her for years. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 5
1. Completa las frases con el past perfect. Volviste a tu casa despues de las vacaciones y
te encontraste con algunos cambios.
Example: The kitchen window was broken. Somebody had broken into the house.
1. The TV set was not there. It_____________________ (disappear).
2. All the drawers were open. They _____________________(search).
3. The the children's piggy bank was broken. The money___________________(steal).
4. The kitchen was full of empty beer bottles. Somebody_____________________(drink).
5. The porcelain vase in the hall was broken on the floor. It________________(break).
2. Completa estas frases usando el pluscuamperfecto.
Example: She was nervous. She had never driven (drive) before.
1. He didn't know how to hold the racket. He_______________________(play) before.
2. The native didn't know how to take a photo. He_________________(see) a camera before.
3. I was afraid of planes. I ____________________(fl y) before.
4. She was very tired. She __________________(run) a marathon before.
3. Usa el pluscuamperfecto con las frases siguientes.
Example: Dad wasn't at home when I arrived, (he/just/go out)
He had just gone out.
1. Tommy said he couldn't come, (he/arrange/do/something else)
2. They arrived at the theatre late. (The play/already/begin)
3. The workmen weren't working when we arrived. (They/just finish)
4. Usa ahora el pluscuamperfecto continue.
Example: / was tired because I (be/run) had been running. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 6
1. He was dirty because he (work/cellar)
2. The house was quiet because everyone (go/bed)
3. He was weak because he (be/ill)
4. It was cold because it (be/snow)
MUST (have) CAN’T (have)
Must es un verbo defective que se traduce por debe.
• This cyclist won the Tour, so he must be good.
• This boy is playing basketball, so he must be very tall.
Usamos must cuando queremos decir que algo es verdad.
• She's been working all day. She must be tired.
• He's running a marathon next month. He must be training hard.
• This man's pictures sell for a lot of money. He must be a good artist.
Decimos can't para decir que creemos que algo es imposible:
• You've just drank a pint of beer. You can't be thirsty already.
• You' ve just started writing the story. You can't have finished already.
Observa esta estructura:
• You/he etc. must be hungry/thirsty/tired etc.
• You/he can't be waiting/doing etc.
• You/he/must go/do/stay etc.
Para formar el pasado usamos must have (done) y can't have (done). Fijate:
• He phoned his girlfriend, but nobody answered the phone. 'She must have
gone shopping', he thought.
• That man walked into a tree. He can't have been looking where he was
going. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 7
• She ran downstairs. She must have heard the noise downstairs.
• I didn't hear you coming in last night. I must have been asleep.
• He didn't pass the exam. It must have been very hard.
Fijate en la estructura:
• You/he etc. must have been tired/asleep/mad etc.
• Can't have been watching/looking etc.
Se puede usar couldn't have (done) en vez de can't have (done). El significado
es: "No pudo/podia haber ..."
• He couldn't have done it so fast.
• He couldn't have been watching the match.
1. Complete estas frases usando must (have) o can't (have)
Example: 'Is she happy?' 'Yes, she must be very happy.
1. 'Is she waiting for somebody?' 'Yes, she_______________________________
2. 'Was he driving slowly?' 'No, he______________________________
3. 'Have they published many books?' 'No, they_____________________________
4. 'Did Jerry know about us?' 'Yes, he_____________________________________
5. 'Did she know many people?' 'Yes, she_________________________________
6. 'Does she know many people?' 'Yes, she_______________________________
7. 'Are they in a hurry?' 'Yes, they______________________________________
8. 'Were they in a hurry?' 'Yes, they____________________________________
9. 'Was he serious about her?' 'No, he__________________________________
10. 'Were they in love?' 'Yes, they______________________________________
2. Completa estas frases usando must o can't + un verbo apropiado. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 8
Example: He's been running for two hours. He must be tired.
1. Mr. Brown is taking his umbrella. He_____________________________ out.
2. She seems to know a lot about films. She_____________________ seen a lot of films.
3. I wonder why Rhon didn't come to school today. He__________________________
4. I wonder who is making all this noise outside. It_______________________be the children. It's
only four o'clock.
5. They live in a big mansion. They _____________________a lot of money.
3. Ahora vas a usar las palabras entre parentesis para formar frases.
Example:The doorbell rang but he didn't hear it. (he/must/be/asleep)
He must have been asleep.
1. I just don't understand how the driver went up a one-way street,(he/can't/see/sign)
2. When she woke up the television set was on. (she/must/forget/turn it off)
3. He went by without saying 'hello', (he/can't/see/me)
4. I wonder where my bag is. (you/must/leave/in the supermarket)
5. I haven't seen that boy for ages, (he/must/go/away)
6. He knew all about us. (he/must/be/spying us)
7. That gold watch looks expensive, (it/must/be/good/quality)
Too and enough + infinitive.
Too + infinitive.
• The case is too heavy to carry. • The soup is too hot to eat.
• This parcel is too bulky to send. • The grass was too wet to sit on.
• That girl is too silly to go out with. • That lamp is too heavy to hang on the wall.
Enough + infinitive.
• That child is not old enough to go to school.
• We haven't got enough money to go on holiday. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 9
• He is not strong enough to carry that.
• He hasn't got enough experience.
• He is not experienced enough.
RECUERDA
Que enough se pone detras de los adjetivos:
• big enough. • large enough. • silly enough.
mientras que con sustantivos se pone delante.
• enough people. • enough milk. • enough time.
Construccion de for + noun/pronoun delante del infinitive.
• This box is too heavy for a child to lift.
• This problem is too difficult for you to understand.
• The grass was too wet for us to sit on.
• The house was too small for the Jones to live in.
Y con enough.
• This box is not light enough for a child to carry.
• This problem is not easy enough for you to understand.
• The grass was not dry enough for us to sit on.
• The house was not big enough for the Jones to live in.
Too + adjetive + a + noun + infinitive.
• He is too experienced a director to mind what the critics say.
• She was too clever to accept the first offer.
Too + adverb + infinitive
• It's too soon for me to say what is going to happen.
• He works too slowly to be of any use to me.
Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 10
1. Complete estas frases usando enough con cada una de estas palabras:
small, good, plates, time, money, hot, qualifications.
Example: He hasn't got enough qualifications to get the job.
1. This jacket should be______________________ for little Jimmy.
2. She didn't finish the exam. She didn't have_____________________
3. The weather is not ______________________to go to the beach.
4. That boy is from a poor family. He is not______________________for you, Sylvia.
5. We haven't got ___________________________________ to pay the bill.
6. There are fourteen of us for dinner. We haven't got_____________________for everybody.
2. Responde las preguntas usando las palabras entre parentesis.
Example: 'Is Jimmy going to school this year?' (not old enough)
'No, he is not old enough to go to school.'
1. 'Does your brother get up early?' 'No, he is________________________(lazy) to get up early.'
2. 'Can that man understand what I say?' 'No, he doesn't speak______________(English) to
understand you.'
3. 'Can you hear what that man is saying?' 'No, we are___________________(far away) to hear.'
4. 'Are you going to take a holiday this year?' 'No, we haven't got___________(money) to take a
holiday.'
5. 'I'd like to go to the cinema.' 'Sorry, it's ______________________(late)to go now.'
6. 'Let's take a photograph.' 'It's____________________ (dark) to take a photo in here.'
3. En este ejercicio tienes que elegir entre too y enough para completar la frase.
Example: I couldn't eat the soup. It was too hot.
The soup was too hot lor me to eat.
1. Four people can't sit in the back of the car. It's not very wide. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 11
The seat______________________________________________________
2. We can't move this piece of furniture. It's too heavy.
This piece of_____________________________________________________
3. Don't stand on that sideboard. It is not very strong.
That sideboard__________________________________________________
4. I can't drink this tea. It is very hot.
This tea________________________________________________________
Conditionals
Types of conditional sentences
• Las frases condicionales se suelen dividir en tres tipos:
Type 1: (possible)
• What will you do if it rains?
if + present + future
If it rains, we will stay at home.
Type 2: (not possible)
• What would you do if it rained?
if + past + simple conditional
If it rained, we would stay at home.
Type 3: (regrets)
• What would you have done if it had rained?
if + past perfect + perfect conditional
If it had rained, we would stayed at home.
• Con las frases condicionales del tipo 1, el verbo principal se pone en futuro simple, y la frase
subordinada en presente. No importa el orden:
If you run, you will catch the train. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 12
They will go without you if you don't hurry.
- If the weather is good, we will go for a picnic.
The boys will play football if the teacher lets them.
• Con las frases del tipo 2, el verbo principal se pone en condicional simple, y la frase subordinada
en pasado:
If you ran, you would catch the train.
- They would go without you if you didn't hurry.
If the weather was good, we would go for a picnic.
The boys would play football if the teacher let them.
• Con las frases del tipo 3, el verbo principal se pone en condicional compuesto, y la frase
subordinada en pluscuamperfecto.
If you had run, you would have caught the train.
They would have gone without you if you hadn't hurried.
If the weather had been good, we would have gone for a picnic.
The boys would have played football if the teacher had let them.
1. En este ejercicio tiene que poner el verbo en la forma correcta. Tipo 1.
Example: If I am hungry, I will eat (eat) something.
1. If you are clever, you ______________(solve) the problem.
2. What will you do if you _______________(win) the lottery?
3. I will catch the train if it______________ (arrive) on time.
4. If it is hot, I ______________(open) the window.
5. The boys will play football if it_________________ (rain).
6. If you don't write better, I ____________________(understand) a word.
7. I will ring you up if I ___________________(have) time.
Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
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2. Pon el verbo en la forma correcta. Tipo 2.
Example: If you sold the house, you would get a lot of money.
1. I would go to the party if you__________________ (invite) me.
2. If you spoke good English, you _________________(earn) more.
3. Little Jim would lose the money if you______________________ (give) it to him.
4. If I found money in the street, I __________________(keep) it.
5. You would feel better if you ___________________(stop) smoking.
6. If she found the key, she ___________________(give) it to you.
7. They would telephone if they ____________________________(can).
3. Pon el verbo en la forma correcta. Tipo 3.
Example: If he had been taller, he would have been a policeman.
1. If you had come by car, you _________________________(save) time.
2. We would have stayed at home if it . _______________________(rain)
3. If I had known she was ill, I ____________________(send) her some flowers.
4. We would have arrived earlier if we____________________ (catch) the 9 o'clock train.
5. If I had known you were coming, I_________________(go) to the airport to meet you.
6. You would have been accepted if you ______________________(fill) in the form.
7. If you had asked me, I (go)__________________gone with you.
Conditionals type 3
• Estas oraciones de condicional asumen algo completamente imaginario.
• Tanto en el tipo 2 como en el 3, son condiciones hipoteticas.
If I had been taller, I would have been a policeman.
If I hadn't been carrying an umbrella, I would have got wet.
- If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house.Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 14
If I had been you/in your position
• Expresamos lo que habrfamos hecho si hubieramos sido otro.
- If I had been you/in your position, I would have married him.
If it hadn't been for
• Si no hubiera sido por algo...
If it hadn't been for the cold, we would have gone to the beach.
Variation 1:
if + past perfect + modal.
If I had known the facts, I could have told you what to do.
If I could have got the facts, I might have told you what to do.
Recuerda
Que podemos reemplazar would con otro verbo modal cuando sentimos que las consecuencias
imaginadas son menos probables que ocurran, o cuando nos referimos a habiiidad, posibilidad,
etc.
If I had been here, I could have defended you, (ability)
if I had been here, I might have told you. (possibility)
If he had received the note, he should have gone to the meeting. (duty)
• Se puede combinar la forma progresiva y tiempos compuestos con los verbos modales.
If I had been there, I could have been helping with the harvest.
If they had been there, they could have met my teacher.
1. Completa las frases siguientes como en el ejemplo.
Example: If it had rained, we would have stayed home.
1. You would have got a better job____________________________(you/work/harder at school).
2. If you hadn't had an umbrella__________________________________________(you/get wet).Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 15
3. Life would have been easier____________________________________________(win/lottery).
4. If I had had time_____________________________________________________(go/with/you).
5. The children would have broken many things___________________________(play/house/ball).
6. If we had liked the film_______________________________________________(go/cinema).
7. It would have seemed easier_________________________________________(you/know/it).
8. If you had been a vegetarian___________________________________? (you/eat/that/fish).
9. We would have had a good harvest__________________________________________(rain).
10. If I had panted to play cards___________________________________________(go/to/pub).
11. I would have liked to go by bicycle,_____________________________________(we/be able).
12. If I had been him_____________________________________________(leave/her/ages ago).
13. He might____________________________________ (he/be/here/yesterday).
14. Had the management acted sooner ________________________(strike/have/not/hapen).
15. The garden would have looked much better_________________________(you/look/after it).
16. If I had had a knife_________________________________________(I/spread/butter/bread).
17. Had it not been for the bad weather________________________(we/be able/save/climber).
18. She could have met my brother,_____________________________________(she/be/here)
have told us
Reported speech
Indirect and embedded questions.
Para convertir las preguntas directas en indirectas cambiamos los tiempos del verbo y
los adverbios como en las afirmaciones y omitimos el signo de interrogacion.
• 'What does she want?' he said. / He asked what she wanted.
• 'When did you give it to me?' / He asked me when I had given it to him.
• 'Where are you going?' he said to us. / He asked us where we were going. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 16
Si en el estilo directo se usa say, entonces debemos cambiarlo por: ask, inquire,
wonder, want to know, etc.
• 'Where's the bank?' he said. / He asked where the bank was.
• 'When is the next train?' she said. / She wanted to know when the next train was.
• 'How can I go to the Town Hall?' he asked a policeman. /
• He asked a policeman how he could go to the Town Hall.
• 'What caused the fire?' he asked the firemen. /
• He asked the firemen what had caused the fire.
Si en vez de ask usaramos inquire o wanted to know omitirfamos firemen.
• He wanted to know what had caused the fire.
• He inquired what had caused the fire.
Si no usamos un pronombre interrogati vo debemos poner if o whether.
• 'Is anybody at home?' she asked.
• She asked if/whether anybody was at home.
Cuando tenemos una eleccion usamos el whether.
• 'Where do you want to go, to Miami or to the Bahamas?' he asked me.
• He asked me whether I wanted to go to Miami or to the Bahamas.
RECUERDA
Que las preguntas que empiecen con shall I/we se introducen con wonder si
especulan sobre el future.
• 'Shall I ever see you again?' he said.
• He wondered if he would ever see her again.
Con should + infinitive para peticion de instrucciones.
• 'What shall I do, Dad?' / He asked his father what he should do.
Con ofertas se puede decir: Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 17
• 'Shall 1 do it for you, sir?' / He offered to do it for him.
Con sugerencias se puede usar suggest.
• 'Shall me meet at five?' / He suggested meeting at five.
Questions in reported speech.
'Where does he live?' she asked.
She asked/wanted to know where he lived.
'Where's the station?' he inquired.
He asked where the station was.
'What have you got in your pocket? He asked.
He asked me what I had in my pocket.
• Prases que empiezan con shall I en forma indirecta.
'Shall I ever see him again?' she wondered.
She wondered if she would ever see him again.
'Shall I bring the soup now, sir?' the waiter asked.
The waiter asked me if he was to/if he should bring the soup.
• Prases que empiezan con will you/ would you.
'Will you come with us tomorrow?' he said.
He asked if she would come with them the next day.
'Would you like to come with me?' he asked her.
He asked her if she would like to go with him.
1. Pasa las siguientes preguntas a forma indirecta. Usa ask.
Example: Who is in charge here? He asked who was in charge there.
1. 'Who lives next door?' he said______________________________________
2. 'When are you coming?' she asked Peter________________________________ Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 18
3. 'How much did it cost you?' he asked her__________________________________
4. 'Where is the station?' he asked_______________________________________
5. 'Why are you so late?' his mother said to him___________________________________
2. Responde ahora usando inquire, wanted to know.
Example: Mum, when is Dad coming back? He wanted to know/inquired when his father was
coming/going back.
1. 'Jane, when are you getting married?'
2. 'Dad, when is the next train?' said Jim
3. 'Diana, what are you doing tonight?'
4. 'Sir, did you see the accident?' said the policeman.
3. Ahora usa whether o if. A veces se pueden usar ambos.
Example: Is anyone there?' he asked. He asked if/whether anyone was there.
1. 'Do you want to go by air or by train?' he asked
2. 'Did you see the accident?' asked the policeman. .
4. Ahora haremos preguntas con shall.
Example: 'What shall I do, Mum?' He wanted to know what he should do.
1. 'Shall we go out for dinner tonight?' He
2. 'Shall I bring you another blanket?' He
3. 'Shall we ever meet again?' She
Passive Voice Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 19
Passives: All tenses - is considered / thought / said to be/May/might/will have been + past
participle
Present
Past
Future
Conditional
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect
Conditional perfect
Active
She buys the bread.
She bought the bread.
She'll buy the bread.
She'd buy the bread.
She has bought the bread.
She had bought the bread.
She'll have bought the bread.
She'd have bought the bread.
Passive
The bread is bought by her.
The bread was bought by her.
The bread will be bought by her.
The bread would be bought by her.
The bread has been bought by her.
The bread had been bought by her.
The bread will have been bought by
her.
The bread would have been bought by
her.
Is considered/thought/said to be
• Este tipo de frase se puede poner de dos formas.
- It is considered that he is the best player in the world.
He is considered to be the best player in the world.
It was thought that Galileo was heretic.
Galileo was thought to be heretic.
It is said that this man is mad.
This man is said to be mad.
May/might/will have been + past participle
He may have arrived by now.
The silly idiot! He might have told me!
By 6 o'clock it will have been done for 12 hours.
The jury may have already reached a verdict. Ingles - Contenidos gramaticales 5to año
Prof: Analia Biondani Página 20
Everyone knew it. You might as well have told me!
* By tomorrow the factory will have been closed for two years.
1. Cambia las frases como en el ejemplo.
Example: It is thought that Jim is the best. Jim is thought to be the best,
1. It is considered that this colour is the most suitable.
2. It is said that our team is the best.
3. It is thought that this picture is a masterpiece.
4. It is considered that this car is the fastest.
5. It is thought that this restaurant is the best in the country.
2. Responds a las preguntas con may have o might have.
Example: 'Why didn't he answer the phone? I'm sure he was at home.' 'He might not have heard
the phone.'
1. 'I wonder why he didn't come to the party.' (he might/have/go somewhere else)
2. 'She didn't come to the meeting. I wonder why.' (she/may not/know/about it)
3. 'Why didn't Betty answer the doorbell?' (she/may/go/bed/early)
4. 'I'm sure she didn't go to the cinema.' (she/might/go/theatre)
5. 'How did the fire start?' (someone/may/drop/ cigarette)
3. Completa la frase con will have been + participio.
Example: By six o'clock the road will have been closed tor 12 hours.
1. By eight o'clock tomorrow the truce________________________(broke) for 10 hours.
2. By midnight the ship______________________ (wreck) on the rocks for 48 hours.
3. By tomorrow morning he ____________________(go) for 36 hours.
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